{"id":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issue/meat","schemaVersion":2,"name":"Animal Agriculture","category":"Food","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issue/meat","json":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issue/meat.json","ask":"","position":"Over the course of history, humanity has serially shifted toward animal agricultural systems that are more resource-efficient and better able to meet the dietary demands of a growing population: from hunting wild animals, to raising domesticated livestock on extensive pastures, to selectively breeding and genetically altering species to confine in feedlots and other intensive systems that yield a lower environmental impact per calorie. Global demand for animal protein is rising and will continue to rise as more people leave the bonds of poverty, indicating that supply-side changes to how livestock are raised are critical to mitigating the problems of animal agriculture. Continuing to improve the environmental impacts of animal agriculture requires more technology, more intensification, and more artificial forms of producing and acquiring animal protein for human diets.","faq":[{"question":"What are “factory farms”? Are they bad?","answer":"“Factory farms” are concentrated animal feeding operations. They tend to be worse on animal welfare metrics, but far better than pasture-raised alternatives for emissions, land-use, and price. Abolishing “factory farms” without significant reductions in meat consumption would raise global emissions and tropical deforestation by shifting production to lower-productivity systems."},{"question":"Is grassfed beef better for the environment than grainfed beef?","answer":"No. Grass-finished cattle gain weight more slowly and occupy land longer, meaning that meat from grass-fed operations have an average of 42% higher carbon footprints than grain-finished alternatives."},{"question":"Can lab-grown meat disrupt the meat industry?","answer":"Not soon. Lab-grown, or cultivated, meat companies have only barely begun commercializing their products, which continue to be more expensive than conventional products. In the long-run, cultivated meat could take some market share, but only if the product can compete on taste and price."},{"question":"If I care about climate change, should I become vegan?","answer":"You don’t have to go vegan to dramatically reduce the climate impact of your diet. While vegan diets often have the lowest carbon footprint, the biggest climate benefit comes from cutting beef, dairy, and other ruminant products. A diet with chicken and pork but no beef or dairy often emits less than a vegetarian diet with substantial amounts of milk and cheese."}],"experts":[{"name":"Dan Blaustein-Rejto","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/people/dan-blaustein-rejto"},{"name":"Emily Bass","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/people/emily-bass"},{"name":"Alex Smith","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/people/alex-smith"}],"startHere":[{"title":"Where's the Beef in Ecomodernism?","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/wheres-the-beef-in-ecomodernism","date":"2024-08-22"},{"title":"The Coming “Meat Vortex”","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/journal/no-15-winter-2022/meat-vortex-alternative-protein","date":"2021-11-30"},{"title":"The Clean Cow","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/the-clean-cow","date":"2021-10-21"}],"latest":[{"title":"Beef. It’s Still What’s For Dinner","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/beef-its-still-whats-for-dinner","date":"2026-09-25","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"You Can't Defend Industrial Food Without Defending Industrial Meat","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/you-cant-defend-industrial-food-without-defending-industrial-meat","date":"2026-06-12","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"RELEASE: Breakthrough Institute Statement on USDA Plan to Strengthen the U.S. Beef Industry","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/press/release-breakthrough-institute-statement-on-usda-plan-to-strengthen-the-u-s-beef-industry","date":"2025-10-22","type":"Statement"},{"title":"Cheap Food Is The Only Option","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/cheap-food-is-the-only-option","date":"2024-10-18","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"Where's the Beef in Ecomodernism?","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/wheres-the-beef-in-ecomodernism","date":"2024-08-22","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"When it Comes to Food, Is the New York Times Out to Lunch?","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/when-it-comes-to-food-is-the-new-york-times-out-to-lunch","date":"2024-08-19","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"Food Is Too Cheap, Says the UN","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/food-is-too-cheap-says-the-un","date":"2024-06-24","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"Giving the Lie to The Great Meat Displacement Theory","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/giving-the-lie-to-the-great-meat-displacement-theory","date":"2024-06-10","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"New EPA Data Shows Agricultural Emissions Remain High","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/new-epa-data-shows-agricultural-emissions-remain-high","date":"2024-04-16","type":"Analysis"},{"title":"RELEASE: Letter from the Breakthrough Institute, Industry, and Academia Call on Congress to Prioritize Research Funding to Mitigate Livestock Methane Emissions","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/press/release-letter-from-the-breakthrough-institute-industry-and-academia-call-on-congress-to-prioritize-research-funding-to-mitigate-livestock-methane-emissions","date":"2024-04-08","type":"Statement"}],"policyHub":"https://thebreakthrough.org/policy?topics=agricultural-r-d-2","policyAreas":[{"slug":"agricultural-r-d-2","name":"Agricultural R&D","records":6,"url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/policy?topics=agricultural-r-d-2"}],"policyRecords":[{"id":261444,"title":"RELEASE: Breakthrough Institute Statement on USDA Plan to Strengthen the U.S. Beef Industry","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/press/release-breakthrough-institute-statement-on-usda-plan-to-strengthen-the-u-s-beef-industry","type":"Statement","date":"2025-10-22","stance":"none","subject":"","subjectUrl":"","summary":"","authors":"Dan Blaustein-Rejto"},{"id":213829,"title":"RELEASE: Letter from the Breakthrough Institute, Industry, and Academia Call on Congress to Prioritize Research Funding to Mitigate Livestock Methane Emissions","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/press/release-letter-from-the-breakthrough-institute-industry-and-academia-call-on-congress-to-prioritize-research-funding-to-mitigate-livestock-methane-emissions","type":"Statement","date":"2024-04-08","stance":"none","subject":"","subjectUrl":"","summary":"","authors":"Emily Bass"},{"id":213655,"title":"RELEASE: EMIT LESS Act Marks A Step Toward Reducing Enteric Methane Emissions","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/press/release-emit-less-act-marks-a-step-toward-reducing-enteric-methane-emissions","type":"Statement","date":"2024-03-28","stance":"none","subject":"","subjectUrl":"","summary":"","authors":"Emily Bass"},{"id":209529,"title":"RELEASE: New Study Reveals Important Insights on the Carbon Footprint of Beef Production","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/press/release-new-study-reveals-important-insights-on-the-carbon-footprint-of-beef-production","type":"Statement","date":"2023-12-12","stance":"none","subject":"","subjectUrl":"","summary":"","authors":"Dan Blaustein-Rejto"},{"id":191189,"title":"We Can’t Manage Cattle Methane Without Better Measurements","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/we-cant-manage-cattle-methane-without-better-measurements","type":"Analysis","date":"2023-05-02","stance":"none","subject":"","subjectUrl":"","summary":"","authors":"Dan Blaustein-Rejto; Chris Gambino"},{"id":184946,"title":"To Decarbonize Food Production, Congress Must Invest in R&D","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-agriculture-environment/to-decarbonize-food-production-congress-must-invest-in-r-d","type":"Analysis","date":"2023-01-05","stance":"none","subject":"","subjectUrl":"","summary":"","authors":"Dan Blaustein-Rejto; Emily Bass"},{"id":47160,"title":"RELEASE: Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Could Have Significant Impact on the Economy, Environment, and Animal Welfare","url":"https://thebreakthrough.org/press/plant-based-meat-alternatives-impact-projections","type":"Statement","date":"2022-02-15","stance":"none","subject":"","subjectUrl":"","summary":"","authors":""}],"dateModified":"2026-11-12T08:26:15-08:00"}